Shakespeare Character Analysis - Richard III Essay

Shakespeare Character Analysis - Richard III - Essay Example Although Richard III appears to be the devil, yet he is indeed human Richard III is a unique novel by Shakespeare and is totally different from the whole range of novels by Shakespeare in that audience experiences a very ambiguous, highly alterable, and complex relationship with Richard, who is the play’s central character. Right from the conception of the novel, the fact that Richard is a villain with evil machinations dawns upon the audience when Richard makes an overt expression of his intention of leaving no stone unturned in the way of gaining his nefarious objectives in these words: I am determined to prove a villain, And hate the idle pleasures of these days. Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous, By drunken prophecies, libels and dreams, To set my brother Clarence and the king In deadly hate the one against the other. (Shakespeare 14). Paradoxically, there is a unique sanctity hidden in his approach that makes the audience consent with him. For a major part of the st ory, Richard sounds quite fascinating, charismatic and appealing to the audience in spite of his allegiance to evil and the audience feels like approving of his behavior and sympathizing with him. Richard impresses the audience with his charisma. The relationship of audience with Richard compliments that of Richard with other characters of the play. The power of his persona can be estimated from the fact that Lady Anne, who is totally aware of the intrinsic wickedness of Richard can not help being seduced by the skillful argumentation, articulate mannerism, brilliant wordplay, and the relentless pursuit of Richard’s selfish wants. It is important to note that Lady Anne is aware of Richard’s evil character, and also conveys her understanding of his character to him in these words: Foul devil, for God’s sake, hence, trouble us not; For thou hast made the happy earth thy hell, Fill’d it with cursing cries and deep exclaims. If thou delight to view thy heinou s deeds, Behold this pattern of thy butcheries. (Shakespeare 19). Throughout the play, Richard’s confessions of his evil plans grab the audience’s attention. In fact, Shakespeare has purposefully made use of the monologues of Richard in a successful attempt to allow him to work his charms upon the audience. Every human being wants to be loved. Love is the fundamental need of humans. Owing to his need to love and being loved, man is called as a social animal. Physical deformities ruin an individual’s looks, but his/her self-esteem is never lowered unless there is negative response from the society about such a deformity. Society makes a lot of difference in the way a person feels about himself. People’s criticism towards something as a physical deformity, that is beyond the control of an individual inculcates hatred for himself/herself in the individual. It is the very hatred that fills abhorrence against the society in the individual. Owing to this explan ation of the cause of abhorrence, it makes complete sense for Richard to be human, and yet hate others. Not that a human is justified to hate others for such reasons, but it is true that humans feel like hating others when they are hated. Richard hates other characters of the play for a similar reason. Shakespeare has fully conveyed the underlying reason of Richard’s wickedness by making Richard declare that he has a

Verizon or GAP Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Verizon or GAP Inc - Research Paper Example Legal, Social and Economic Environment Given its broad range of products and services, together with the intense competition that is prevalent in the telecommunications industry, Brien (2010) believes that the external environment plays an influential role in determining Verizon’s goals and business strategy. Apart from fulfilling the needs of customers, Verizon is also involved extensively in complying with regulatory requirements besides developing better strategies to tackle its competitors. Winer (2011) analyzed Verizon using an elaborate SWOT analysis and concluded that the company is best placed in terms of marketing as it is an established and recognized brand across the United States and in other countries. However, Bohlander (2009) argues that the company faces multiple threats across legal, social and economic environments. He states that customers have largely refrained from using wireless technologies in favor of long distance services that are offered by local pro viders. While Verizon has the potential to overcome this trend by expanding its wireless services into newer markets, it will be difficult to offset this threat completely (Winer, 2011). The global financial crisis and the resulting decline in economic activity have had an impact on the telecommunications sector. ... For instance, Verizon is now required to lease its access lines to these local exchange carriers at two-fifths of the prevailing market rates. This has not only reduced the barriers to entry for the local exchange carriers, but has also diminished Verizon’s market share (Bohlander, 2009). The FCC’s actions towards reducing most barriers to entry and enhancing the level of market competition has intensified the rivalry among all major players in the telecommunications industry besides eroding several strategic advantages that were enjoyed by established firms like Verizon for over five decades. Customers no longer face any additional switching costs for changing service providers while new entrants to the market receive significant financial backing from the FCC in addition to adequate network capacity. Despite these disadvantageous factors, Verizon enjoys a strong and recognized brand identity and elaborate distribution channels that cannot be matched by newer rivals ov er the next few years (Altmann, 2008). Better economies of scale are however expected to erode over time as the level of competition intensifies in the market. Managerial, Operational, and Financial issues The increasing competition in the telecommunications industry implies that the success of most projects undertaken by Verizon depends on efficient workflows, reduced costs, quicker turnarounds and creation of better values. Altmann (2008) says that achieving these objectives requires the development of advanced strategies that offer a unique challenge to larger, hierarchical organizations. Wallace (2010) explains that Verizon has adapted to this evolving business environment by

New Product on the Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Product on the Market - Research Paper Example To come up with a new product, a company may consider optimizing the things their customers need and the various other resources they have, which can facilitate production without making losses. To succeed in the different areas of the business, the companies a company need to carry out a proper market research that will lead them to understand the customers to whom they intend to supply the new product. This process of production and presenting new products to a market needs to be planned so that each step can help raise the number of customers who show interest in them and buy them at any time in their lifetime (Wesley and Barczak 23). In producing a new product in the market, a company needs to implement a strategic plan that will put into consideration all the needs of the customers and weigh them against the potential of the company and the goals they have to develop a product that is preferred by customers. Through strategic planning, a company produces the products that fall w ithin the goals it has for the market and which attracts potential buyers, to whom it intend to sell its products. Strategic planning in a company aligns itself with its mission statement, which implies all things that company targets to achieve in their delivery of the services to customers. These goals of a company do not focus on their customers but it speaks of what the company is able to accomplish to any person in the society regardless of the choice they make concerning their products (Brooke and Mills 34). In producing some products, a company needs to have a consideration of the different interests that arise from the different social classification of the customers. The social classification characterizes the different things that different people do in the society as well as their behavior of buying different commodities in the market. For this reason, a company will be in a position to determine the different the sizes of the product they intend to produce so that they c an preserve the prestige of the people in specific social class. In this respect, social classes determines the quality, quantity and the variety of a product that should be presented to the market at any time as well as the population of the potential customers (Annacchino 127). This ensures that the company will implement a marketing strategy that will not only help customers to know the product but also the one that will conform to their needs and interests. Marketing can be done through different media so long as they ensure that all the intended people get the information they need to provoke their choices to buy a product a company has produced. In the current market, some of the most popular methods of communication and advertising in the social media network where different people can supply information that can reach many people within a short time. In communicating to different customers, a company aims to provide promotional sales that could be necessary to ensure that ma ny people are able to change their motives concerning what they need to purchase to meet their needs. Marketing offers sales promotion, which are the incentives that manipulate the different beliefs of customers and ensure that they purchase the products. The information that a company supplies to its clients to ensure that they change their perception about the quality of the new product it

Justification Report Part 3 (Final) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Justification Report Part 3 (Final) - Essay Example The Department of Veteran Affairs is one of the most important departments within the US government but the department fails to perform its basic function- serving war veterans and their immediate family. The problem arises because the department has been unable to properly manage its human resource. This report presents recommendations on improving the situation mainly through non-monetary incentives given to the employees. These include training and development; employee empowerment; floating holidays and telecommuting among other options. Veteran Affairs is an organization within the US government which serves to fulfill the needs of army personnel who have fought wars for the country. The services of the department extend to the immediate family members of the veterans who have been injured or have died while serving in the army. This department performs one of the most crucial aspects of military service by serving as a source of motivation for army men and women currently working in the US Army. These people are reassured through such organizations that the US government would look after them and their families should they face any problem in the future. However, Veteran Affairs is failing to provide the needed services principally because of its human resource department. The human resource department is not calibrated to understand the importance of serving these people. This report explores the problems inherent in the human resource department from the perspective on an employee who has worked within the organization and understands the problems in depth. The report will also present reasonable and logical solutions for the problem explored. The main problem that this report intends to discuss is that currently the human resource department in Veteran Affairs is ill-equipped in managing the department. There is a glaring lack of document accountability which leads to

Cultural Industries and Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Cultural Industries and Globalisation Essay This essay will aim to include my understanding and perception of the cultural industries, how it developed into the creative industries and how globalisation has impacted this sector through looking specifically at exampled from Sheffield. Originating from the 1940s the Cultural Industries was known as The cultural Industry taken from a book written by Adorno and Horkheimer called Dialektik der Aufklarung from the chapter Dialect of Enlightenment. They thought of the Creative Industry as art with special, exceptional forms of Human creativity (Hesmondhalgh 2007). By the late 1960s the Cultural Industry became comodified and was intertwining with other industries such as film, television and music as these were socially popular, the cultural Industry was re-named The Cultural Industries. Through new service industry growth and new labour, the Cultural Industries was turned into The Creative Industries in the 1990s and is still known as this in current society. The creative Industries are those Industries that are based on individual creativity, skill and talent (DCMS). These creative industries include 13 categories: Advertising, architecture, arts and antiques, computer and video games, crafts, design, designer fashion, film, and video, music, performing arts, publishing, software, TV and Radio. From when the cultural/ creative industries were first produced they have achieved huge industry growth rates for example: between 1997 and 2001 the UKs creative industries grew by 8% per annum, with the most popular sector being TV and Radio and around about 122,000 organisations traded in the creative Industries since 1997( Montgomery, J 2007). This service Industry growth is mainly down to Globalisation which is defined as the world becoming more interdependent and integrated (Moynagh and Worsely, 2008). Globalisation links with economic power and consumption for mass markets and making them become global. They do this by customizing products, making them innovative and unique, and by using sub-contractors hope to get the products known globally. For example; in the fashion industry a designer will create a product that they want to produce globally to a specific target market, once they have created the product they will need to manufacture the product, ship the product and make it available for a global market to purchase. They will do this by having products made in countries such as Turkey or China as this method is cheaper and quicker, and have it shipped over to other companies to make it global. Through the virtual innovations such as the internet, and communication systems, the product can be marketed globally. Globalisation also involves the global integration of production factors and services. ‘National industries ‘selling abroad are increasingly giving way to the organisation of production and distribution on a global scale, sourcing materials, labour, services etc. across borders with little or no attachment to particular places (Brown et al 2000). There are many Pros and Cons regarding Globalisation, due to its features and tensions. Globalisation features; to name a few include aspects such as transportation and distribution: getting the goods to the destination from the manufacturers as quick as possible, Growth of Cities: Many Cities are moving from rural areas to urban areas through the growth of industries and trade, Free trade: to allow companies to trade without government barriers or trade policy, Multi Nationals: Different nationality companies will be working along side one another in one country and Global Culture: the development of standardisation and the idea that everything will start to look ad feel the same. Although this means that buying and selling overseas will become more integrated and connected through fast distribution and manufacturing, it also creates problems known as tensions of globalisation. A few of these tensions are; Poverty: Globalisation may mean that in poorer countries there are increases in sweat shops where poorer people are made to work long hours top help manufacture products to help the fast trade of Globalisation. In poor Asian economies, such as Bangladesh, Vietnam and Cambodia, large numbers of women now have work in garment export factories. Their wages are low by world standards but much higher than they would earn in alternative occupations (Bardhan, P 2006). Economic Growth: many traders have fled poorer countries in order to gain more trade in multi-national, urban areas. Oligopoly: There will no longer be one current market brand leader, as everything will be integrated and manufactured the same, causing competition in market brands. Global vs. Local: The idea that local economies will be decreasing through products no longer being unique, through the speed of communication, how fast the brand becomes global. An article by Shah, A 2009 says: Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble—global in scope—has now burst. The extent of this problem has been so severe that some of the world’s largest financial institutions have collapsed and local manufactures have been bought out by their competition at low prices. This demonstrates the impact that globalization has had on small businesses and how competition between organizations is becoming increasingly tougher. These features and tensions need to be considered in order to gain an understanding of the impacts of Globalisation and the positive and negative points that need to be considered in terms of the struggling economies and inequalities that may occur in parts of the world. Globalisation also works off economic, political, social, cultural and environmental aspects and entails better communication; through social networking sites, developing relationships; through computer and internet innovations which link people together, and the decline in human contact; people are no longer conducting meetings as they can have video conferencing with people on the other side of the world. One example of a globalised cultural Industry in the UK would be The Stonehenge, a World Heritage Site which is known as a place for worship and healing. This tourist attraction sees thousands of visitors pass it every year, visiting from all over the world. The world Heritage sites include The great Barrier Reef, Great Wall of China, Galapagos Islands and many more, their missions include is to promote public awareness of the sites and encourage international cooperation in the conservation of the World heritage sites (unesco. rg). After looking into globalisation; its positive and negative aspects in gaining a deeper understanding of the subject, I can now establish an understanding of how globalisation has impacted Sheffields Cultural Industries and weigh up affects it may have had on this industry. The growth of the Cultural Industries meant that in the UK a huge amount of employment was generated, which was extremely beneficial to Sheffield as it meant that 7. 2% of people were working for the creative Industries, this ame at a good time following the collapse of the steel industry after Britain let a failed trip to Japan to buy machinery to cater for the Steel industry needs. After a strike from the workers the Steel Industry closed in Sheffield and meant a loss of 50,000 jobs were incurred. Today in the Sheffield region of South Yorkshire, the Cultural Industries employment rates are above 20% of the average employment, rating above hotels and catering, and below the retail and education industries. It is continuing to expand through the Cultural Industries Quarter located in the city centre which contains BBC Radio Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University, Perishable Works, and Exchange works. A quote from a BBC News report 2006 shows: All very much in keeping with the new Sheffield. The area near the train station has been re-dubbed the cultural quarter, a loose collection of creative and multi-media firms with the Showroom Cinema and Workstation Cultural Industries Business Centre at its heart. The CIQ is a non-profit organisation with a wide ranging powers to support and promote the growth of the cultural industries in Sheffield (CIQ Agency 2006). These establishments are all in short distance from each other creating a business community, a range of building sizes, university connectivity and transport links (CIQ Online 2006). Other creative industries around the city include; Botanical Gardens, Peace Gardens, Sheffield Museum and art Gallery and the Crucible. One organization that was established though the cultural Industries Quarter is the Workstation, a creative Business Centre combined with the Showroom Cinema, an independent picture house showing contemporary, classic film, and film from different cultures. It is now an internationally significant cultural centre which hosts annual events and festivals such as The Childrens Film Festival, Sheffield Adventure Film Festival, Sensoria Festival of Music Film and Celluloid Screams. The Showroom regularly hosts festivals and creative events which give a chance to meet experts from different media, learn new skills and cultivate new ideas. Globalisation has had huge affects from the Cultural Industries being successful through the determination of the company becoming globally recognised. According to a journal article written by Brown et al 2000, it states that there was a four stage development plan to move the CIQ from being local, regional, national to internationally known by 1) Nurturing local music/ cultural businesses, 2) create a tourist attraction to bring people to Sheffield and 3) Using these points to create a better image of the city. The creative director of the CIQ stresses that â€Å"We dont want it to be seen as a Sheffield centre, but a national one†. Through working on these plans Sheffields Cultural Industries Quarter have seen visitor numbers up to 500,000 per year which is proven to be a success. Through speaking to the manager of the Showroom in Sheffield, it is clear that through times of the recession and the credit crunch the independent cinema has to market its events and showings carefully to ensure that the visitors are still attending. As the venues most frequent visitors are older people who tend to have a lot of disposable income, they already have a captive audience. However, to gain awareness they have to capture various other market groups to expand its global awareness for example; they can target different ethnic groups and communities through showing different nationality and religious films to attract the certain audience. To conclude, through researching the Cultural Industries and how it has developed through time into the Creative Industries I now have a deeper insight into the background knowledge of the subject and can link it to globalisation and how they have positive and negative affects on one another. From researching Globalisation and the pros and cons it brings to the economy, I can now realise that Globalisation can create as much poverty as it can capital, and the affects it has on local businesses, trades, and workers. The Cultural Industries Quarter in Sheffield has impacted from globalisation through the development and infrastructure of its diverse buildings and content. For example; the showroom has attracted audiences internationally as well as regionally through its specific showings at the cinema and it continues to grow by making Sheffield a Music City by building more buildings to help expand the Cultural Industries Quarter. Finally, globalisation has shaped a mass market for the global economy as a whole and has profoundly meant that the cultural Industries are expanding and recognisable.

Implement Change Management Processes Essay Example for Free

Implement Change Management Processes Essay During the demonstration of skills did the student: (Tick if completed) ⠝‘ Plan IT system changes ⠝‘ Current system evaluation ⠝‘ Organisation needs vs benchmark ⠝‘ Identify technology system change needs ⠝‘ Access changes ⠝‘ Prioritise changes ⠝‘ Implement change ⠝‘ Monitor and review implementation Trainer’s Name:Date: / / Trainer’s Signature: Reviewed Auditor’s name:Date: / / Auditor’s Signature: Instructions for assessor(s) Ensure that all activities are completed. Ensure the completeness of this form before handling to the training manager. Provide a copy of this document to the student. Results of this assessment are to be recorded in to the SAFHIN system. Person responsible for recording to SAFHIN: SAFHIN Code: Instructions for students This unit will be assessed in simulated environment. The task should be completed in reasonable timeframe which will be determined by assessor and depends on circumstances of particular task. After completion of the each project you have to complete the documentation and handle it to your trainer/assessor. OHS and safety rules must be observed. The assessment will be stopped immediately if the work practices are unsafe. Scenario A local graphic studio is based on the Apple platform. The new management is considering the change of the platform for Windows 7. The cost of maintenance, application and hardware support is indicating that the new platform could be more viable than the Apple. Your tasks are: Based on the organisational requirements, business strategy and project requirements develop an IT change management plan document. †¢ Research and develop change procedures and conventions. †¢ Identify key personnel responsible for change management policies and procedures for the company, and those responsible for authorizing and implementing the change management plan. †¢ Identify training needs of staff and management in relation to the changes that will take place. †¢ Evaluate current IT system and determine changing user or business patterns. †¢ Determine current benchmarks. †¢ Compare the organisational needs against performance benchmarks to identify possible changes in the organisation. †¢ Assess proposed changes to determine impact to the organisation. Plan a schedule for the changes that will take place and include the schedule in the change management plan being documented. †¢ Prioritise the changes according to needs. †¢ Allocate resources across the changes that will happen. Implement the plan and obtain new performance benchmarks. Record data from the new performance benchmarks and compare against previous performance data to measure change performance. Update the training requirements of the staff as necessary in accordance with the new performance benchmarks. Record, document and submit the results to appropriate person. Produce required documentation. Attach zipped files produced as part of this project. Document the file structure and each file in individual document. Instructions for trainer You will be required to participate with student on behalf of client. Provide student with your â€Å"client† e-mail for this scenario ([emailprotected]). Interview Record Sheet |Unit(s) of Competency |ICASAS601A Implement change-management processes | |Student’s Name | | During the demonstration of skills did the student: (Tick if completed) ⠝‘ All sections of the practical assessment task are completed according the requirements and instructions. ⠝‘ OHS policies and procedures were followed during the work. ⠝‘ Student has demonstrated communication skills on the appropriate level Trainer’s Name:Date: / / Trainer’s Signature:Student’s Signature: Reviewed Auditor’s name:Date: / / Auditor’s Signature: Instructions for assessor(s) Ensure that all activities are completed. Ensure the completeness of this form before handling to the training manager. Provide a copy of this document to the student. Results of this assessment are to be recorded in to the SAFHIN system. Person responsible for recording to SAFHIN: SAFHIN Code: Interview/Discussion Trainer will conduct the interview with the student after the completion of the project. Student will be asked to present their work. Trainer will ask questions related directly to the project or scenario, trying to establish enough evidence for each element of competency, where required. Student will have the opportunity to explain the approaches and methods used in this project. Student should provide trainer with enough evidence of his competence against each criteria. Trainer must ensure that the student fully understands the area, and is competent in each element of this competency. Trainer has to also ensure that the underpinning knowledge for each unit of competency is verified. Where applicable the practical demonstration of the knowledge can be demonstrated. The duration of the interview will be up to 2 hours. The interview/discussion will be documented in stand-alone document. The references to the performance criteria are to be noted as well. Suggested questions for the interview Discuss the process of planning IT system changes Discuss the process of identifying technology system change needs Discuss any difficulties that you have experienced during the process Assessor’s comments Assessor’s comments

Computerised Stock Control System

Computerised Stock Control System Introduction The Enterprise Networking assignment is based on the computerised stock control system. This assignment is about how to implement a new online book company called â€Å"Amazing Books†. â€Å"Amazing Books† company is a new online book company that will be selling books via a website. The website represents the books that are in the company’s warehouse. It also contains the information of the books and the information provided to the customers to order the books they want. It is linking with company’s stock control system. The stock will be regularly recorded and updated based upon the sales record. When a customer fills an order form, he or she has to choose the items and the delivery information. When the company receives the order, it delivered the packaged books to the local depot of a courier company. The online book company also implements its computerised inventory control system in the warehouse. This system includes order processing, recording new entry of books, despatching books to the courier firm, and flagging stock reorder levels up. So, the company will investigate the websites of stock control system as sample and implement its own one. Besides, the company will create a local area network (LAN) for in the warehouse by using appropriate media and topology to carry out its processes well. The company also has a plan to deliver the ordered stock items from the warehouse to the delivery company successfully by using suitable vehicles which contains hardware and software for security management. The last plan is to manage a security control system in order to prevent the theft of staff themselves and to regulate the stock reorder level by the time theft occurs. The network administrator or manager of the â€Å"Amazing Books† online book company will be investigating the book websites and computerised stock control system websites of other companies. He or she is also looking forward to finding the delivery management system and security management system on the web. Then he or she will be writing a report (with recommendations) how to implement theirs company in order to successfully set up. Task 1 Amazing Books Company is one that wants to manage themselves as an online book sales company. They will sell their books via the internet. So, they want to develop a website which will display information about their books. Before it is developed, they examine three websites of the online book companies that sell theirs via the internet. The first investigated website is www.bookshopofindia.com. In home page, the pictures of some books are presented. When the pictures are doubled-clicked, the summaries of each book are displayed. It contains other information such as authors’ names, ISBN number, price and numbers of pages. On the left-hand side of the home page, the subjects of the books that are sold in this website are listed. The subjects contain religions, arts, commerce, computer technology, children books and so on. To order the books, customers can send e-mails, but they can only make payment by using bank account of Corporation bank and Punjab bank. The second examined website is www.boomerangbooks.com. In home page, some pictures of normal books are placed on the right side. In the top, some special ones such as books for Mother’s day are put. In the middle of the page, some are advertised by showing pictures, authors’ names, and short descriptions of them. If the pictures are double-clicked to investigate, the pictures of the books’ covers and summaries of them with authors’ names appear. ISBN, format, number of pages, publishers, publish date and languages are also shown. On the right side, normal price and discount price are compared. On the left side of the home page, the site arranges some categories to browse for books according to book categories, bestsellers, books from movies, and book awards, etc. It also places book contents. In home page, it ranges a menu called â€Å"Boomerang Books Bulletin†. If a user signs up in this form, he or she can get a $5 book voucher and 20% discount when discounts days are on. To order the books, the site displays its phone number, e-mail address, and fax number. Thus, customers can order by phone, e-mail or fax but they can pay only Australian dollars. The third one that is observed to get displaying books information is www.cherrythitsar.org . This website is the one where users can get e-books. On the home page, there is a list that describes the categories that users can download. These categories contain Myanmar free e-books, Myanmar novels, Myanmar newspapers and so on. If a customer wants to get them, he or she has to make an account by entering user name and password. Then he or she can get them. After investigating these websites that provide information for online book selling, â€Å"Amazing Books†, the online book company, is implementing their website. On the top of the home page, the photos of the books that are sold for the memorial days will be presented. They will be sold by gifting suitable discounts. On the left-hand side of the home page, the catalogues of the books will be exhibited in order to search books by the categories the customers want. The catalogues will queue the lists of the books according to book categories, bestsellers, books from movies, and book awards, etc. If the photos of the books in home page are double-clicked, the summaries of the books with books’ titles, sorts of books, ISBNs, authors’ names, publishers, publishing date, number of editions, and number of pages, etc. will be shown. Under the every page of site, there will be company’s address and ordering information will situate. Ordering information will include phone numbers, fax numbers and company’s e-mail address. So, customers can order books by ringing a phone call, or making order by fax, or sending an e-mail. To order by e-mail customers must fill chosen items into the shopping basket that is on the right side of the home page. Then they have to enter their phone numbers and addresses (including postal code). They can enter their bank accounts or credit card accounts to order. Task 2 There are many stock items that are stored in the warehouse of the â€Å"Amazing Books† online book store. The stock control system in warehouse is linked with the company’s website so customers can view the books that are in warehouse via the website. If they want to order books, the will their personal information including delivery addresses, postal codes and bank or credit accounts. When customers make books order via website, the company will inform the staff of the warehouse. The warehouse staff checks the level of stock items and reply to the main server. And the server keeps the information update and let the customers know information to the website. Then the company will deliver the books to a delivery team. And then the courier company will deliver books according to the customers’ addresses and postal codes. To carry out these processes successfully, the book store needs a proper inventory control system. So, they gather information for stock control system by exploring the websites which represent their computerised stock control systems. Required information for recommendations The first and second investigated websites show their online stock control systems. They show their product information and other associated one. Customers can search and browse they want and they can order them by e-mails. The company that creates the first website is using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) readers for recording the new items for the stock. The company also explains its delivery service for ordered items. The second website uses barcode reader. It describes their control system of balance levels of the stock and alerting the flagging up reorder system by using the stock control management software. The third and the fourth one are the websites that sell software applications for computerised inventory control management system. They give the detailed information of how to use their software. Both of them are produced to run the functions of recording customers’ order, purchasing, items entry, auditing, receiving, shipping, transferring, reporting and security management, etc. Among them, the former one is used with barcode reader and the latter one with RFID for recording new stock items for the system. Customers can buy their software by entering their e-mail addresses, and bank or credit account numbers in these websites Methods and hardware for recording stock entry which are in warehouse After investigating four websites, â€Å"Amazing Books† implements its computerised stock control system. First of all, they make purchasing books from many other sources. Then the books are put in containers which contain RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags and the containers are carried by suitable vehicles. When they arrived to the warehouse of the company, the RFID tags are checked by RFID readers which transmit the series of digital identities of the books wirelessly. The tag readers detect the packages or containers which contains several book items. The RFID readers can check each entire container simultaneously and enter data into the server computer using special stock control management software for inventory control. So, the right data in database of the server can keep updating. Being linked the server with the website of the company, the information of the books in web pages is automatically updated. (c) Methods and hardware for order processing To order the book items, the customers have to fill the order form. In this form, the customers must fill their information that contains their addresses and postal codes and delivery fees (which price ranges depend on countries) by means of bank or credit account numbers. After that, they can order books via website of the company. When the company receives orders from customers, they register information of customers and orders in Order file. They check concerned master and transaction files to know how many numbers of which stock items are ordered. They also interrogate stock levels in the warehouse using RFID readers and make records of sending items. These records are entered into the server to update stock information. They then display that information in the website that is linked with server of the company. So, customers can see whether their ordered items are sent to them or not. (d) Methods and hardware for recording despatched items Their next procedure is to deliver the ordered books to a local courier company. Before they send, they pick books up from the warehouse and pack them into specific packages or containers which consist of RFID tags which will help the courier firm easy to check them. Then they deliver them to the delivery firms by appropriate vehicles. When the books arrive, the courier companies check the RFID tags of packages or containers by using RFID readers. Then they start delivering them to the customers around the world by using flights or ships or other appropriate vehicles. The delivery firm company sends the items information in order to update data in database of the server of delivery company. They will update the delivery information whenever the items arrive to their braches in different countries until they reach to the destinations. So, the customers can view the information on the website when and where their ordered items are arrived. (e) Flagging up and reorder levels of stock items After sending the ordered item, the website needs to update the item information. To make balance for the reorder level, they use the automatic flagging up system using the stock control software by giving notation on the server of the warehouse. So, the company can check balance level and decide whether they should reorder new books from other sources or not. (f) Required hardware for system To complete the system, they also use some kinds of hardware devices. They use Server for the main control processes for the stock. And they also need to use some kinds of not only security devices for the warehouse security but also special software to control the system and to prevent unauthorized access to data. It describes their balance of the stock and alert the flagging up reorder system buy using stock control software. Task 3 To implement the computerised stock control system used in warehouse the local area network (LAN) is conducted. The major requirements of LAN network are topologies and media. There are many topologies though only some are widely used. The most popular topologies are ring, bus and star topologies. In ring topologies, computers are connected by cables in a circle or ring form. Each computer is directly connected to the next, so no termination is required. In this topology, token passing method is used to transmit data in clock-wise direction. So every computer can transmit data fairly. It can prevent high-traffic and time-critical applications. So it is reliable and highly secure. But it uses fiber optic cables so cost is high and finds difficulties to install. In bus topology all computers are connected via a backbone, a cable segment. In bus topology, signals are sent as electrical parses. When they are sent, they travel along the cable in all directions. So, data collisions can occur when more than one computer transmit data simultaneously. Thus, occupying high-traffic is the major problem; otherwise, cheapness and ease of installation are advantages. In star topology, all components are connected by cable segments to a central device to communicate each other via it. It can share network resources and send and receive data from the computers in the network simultaneously because it handles multiple connections. So it is useful where high traffic occurs. It supports centralized management and the central server has a complete priority over other computers. But this topology requires a more involved cable installation and high cost. The access of the entire network also loses when the central device fails. To build a network we also need media. There are two groups of media; bounded and unbounded media. In bounded media, there are three types of cables; coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber-optic cable. Coaxial cable consists of two kinds- thin coaxial (10 Base2) and thick coaxial (10 Base5). There are two types of twisted pair cables; unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) and shielded twisted pair cable (STP). The optical fiber cable contains two kinds; glass and plastic. The unbounded media or wireless connection technology contains Wi-Fi, and Wi-Max connection. Wi-Fi includes 802.11b and 802.11g at 2.4 GHz frequency and its speeds are between 11 Mbps and 54 Mbps, and 802.11a and 802.11n has 5 GHz frequency and 54 Mbps bandwidth. There are two versions of Wi-Max connection fixed Wi-Max (802.16-2004) and mobile Wi-Max (802.16e). The stock levels displayed in the website are based upon the sales figures which are in warehouse. Updating stock control system regularly can help the stock level. To support the stock control system a LAN network will be created in the warehouse. There are two types of networks; peer-to-peer one and server-based one. The server based LAN network is chosen to implement as it can handle a number of computers, more memory for a large database and extra peripheral devices such as printers; otherwise, peer-to-peer network can handle 10 or fewer workstations. To configure a server-based network, an appropriate topology and a suitable medium are used. The proper one for this network is star topology. Using central devices such as switches connected with cable segments, it supports centralized management for the entire network. It shares resources and access to clients simultaneously without traffic. Unshielded twisted pair cable is used as medium. It ranges into seven categories. Among them, category 5 is chosen because it is designed for 10 Mbps Ethernet whose speed is up to 1 gigabit. It can connect even 1024 nodes and can run 100 meters distance. It also provides ease of trouble shooting all nodes of the network. After configuring topology and medium, a server-based LAN is implemented. Firstly, the OSs is installed in the server computer. Then Active Directory Service (AD) is installed. So, it becomes a domain server which can control client nodes in the workgroup. There will be a network administrator as the authorized user of the server computer. This administrator will control security, access and user accounts of each client-computer user. Being centralized managed network, only server one can share resources but the client cannot. Data can only be updated, or deleted by the administrator who uses the server computer and not by the client. Thus the administrator can check and control the database using the information reported by clerks who provide data concerned with sales figures. Therefore, this database can offer up-to-date information for the stock control system because it is based on the sales figures. The computerized stock control system is being linked with the website via internet. So, regularly updating the data of the stock control system means the website shows the information deal with the status of the books items that are in ware-house. This makes customers easy to find the information they want and to order books by filling order form that displayed in company’s website. Task 4 The company will inform the staff of the warehouse about the information of the ordered books when they received confirmed orders and cost by bank or credit account from customers via their website. They also acknowledge the customers about the confirmation. The voucher numbers of the ordered books and the DNS of the courier’s website are also given. Processing Order in Warehouse After receiving the ordered report, the staff members in the warehouse prepare to deliver the stock items. First of all, they check to ensure whether the quantity of the stock level is complete or not. Then they prepare to send them to the local delivery company. They firstly put and pack the books by means of ordered quantity and titles in the packages or containers. Then they fix an RFID tag which contains an electronic serial number on each container. The information of the sent items is marked by means of an RFID reader which can detect the electronic signals of serial numbers of the books. Then the information is transferred into the server computer to update the data in database. Transferring stock to local courier company Then they transfer containers of books to the local courier firm by taking suitable vehicles which are fitted GPS (Global Position Service) system to point the routes and time taken of them and to acknowledge the company what time where they are. When the containers of books arrive to the delivery team, they are checked with RFID readers again to mark what time the delivery items are received. It makes ensure not only the stocks are prevented by theft of staff but also they are safely arrived and whether they are the correct ones or not. Delivering stocks by Courier Company The delivery team starts the delivered items entry into their website after checking them. Along the paths of wherever they deliver the stock until they reach to the destination, they regularly update information on their website. So, customers can check the delivery information via the website of the courier company if they want to track about their ordered books’ information. The delivery company delivers the ordered stock items according to the customers’ addresses and postal codes. If the addresses and postal codes indicate a customer is in local, the company uses cars to transport them. Otherwise, they firstly send by using shipping delivery to the foreign countries where the branches of their company are situated and they send to their destination addresses and postal codes at last. Updating data Each branch of the courier firm also reports to their main office and the office also return the information to the â€Å"Amazing Books† company until the ordered book items are received by the customers. The online book store company also updated the information in their company’s database in main server. Being linked with the server of the courier company, the information of the books in their website is also updated. So, the customers can see where the items they have ordered and when they will receive them by entering the voucher numbers of them on the website of the courier company. After the ordered books are transferred from the delivery company to the customers, the firm also reports to their main office again. The main office of the company also replies to the online book store company. And then the book store renews the data in database of the server in order to check the balance stock levels by means of automatically flagging up system. Task 5 â€Å"Amazing Books† online book company keeps in a large amount of book items in the company’s warehouse. The stock items in the warehouse are kept by staff members of its. To secure the warehouse and the books in it, a security management system is needed. This system is also required to prevent unauthorized access data of the company. The company should also think about the theft or access data without permission done by staff members of the company themselves. (a) Methods to prevent theft and monitor the staff To implement the security management system of the warehouse, both hardware and software are needed. At first, the local area network (LAN) will be created using Star topology to control the centralized management of the company’s LAN network. Furthermore, the network administrator should also manage the specific working hours, authorized access, and login passwords, etc of an individual staff. So, unauthorized access that aims getting company’s important data in database of the server dishonestly can be overcome. It can also prevent the fraud of staff. Moreover, there should be some plans to detect and prevent the theft of stock items in warehouse. The most appropriate thing to monitor inside the warehouse is CCTV cameras. They will let the administrator or manager watch inside the warehouse all the time. He or she can immediately know if theft is occurred. Besides, there should be some limitations at the entrance and exit of the warehouse. Using retina scanner at the entrance is a proper method. The scanner will sense the retina of each staff to separate if the person has the permission to enter into the warehouse or not. It will make the record of each and it will alarm if something doubtful is happened. An EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance) should be fixed at the exit of the warehouse and everybody must be through when they leave the warehouse. It will detect each person using radio frequency technology and alarm when the staff takes the book items out without registering for despatched processes. (b) Adjusting the stock levels when theft occurs Before implementing the security management system of the warehouse, the stock levels of the books should be checked to ensure that the quantity of the stock before they are stored in it. When the books which are bought from different sources arrive to the warehouse, they are checked with RFID readers. Then the information of the books is transferred into the server computer as unique serial numbers of each. This event makes update the data in database. The server then stores the information of the books which includes quantity, books’ titles, and ISBN, etc. When the books are delivered, they are packed in containers which have an RFID tag and are rechecked with RFID readers again. Then checked data and data in database of the server are compared to confirm. If they are not same, the administrator can know the books are thieved by staff and he or she should review the security records. Automatic flagging up system also alerts when the quantity of books are less to acknowledge the administrator. So the administrator can check the balance level of the stocks and reorder new books from sources if necessary. Task 6 The report is produced in order to describe the recommendations of how to set up the computerised stock control system of the â€Å"Amazing Books† online books company. The summarising reviews for each procedure are as follows: Reviewing Task 1 The company investigates three online books websites via internet. They examine the features of the websites in details, i. e, the presentations of the books, selling and order information, delivery information, and discount information, etc. Then they will implement their own by using the facts which are based on the recommendations. Reviewing Task 2 The company explores four computerised stock control system websites. Then they set up their own computerised inventory control system in the large warehouse of the company. First of all, they will record the stock information by using RFID readers when the stocks arrive to the warehouse. Then they will transfer that information to the database of the server of the warehouse in order to update the data. The information in website will also keep updating because it is linked with the server of the company. When customers want to order books via website, they have to fill the order forms which contain the information deal with their addresses, postal codes, and bank or credit card account number. Then they will transfer the stocks to local courier company by appropriate vehicles. After that, they will update the information of books delivered in database of the server again. In the warehouse of the company, there will be an automatically flagging up system. They will fix this system to auto check the balance level and quantity of the stock. It will alert the company when the new stocks should be reordered. Reviewing Task 3 As the third step to implement the company’s stock control system, they will create a local area network (LAN) in the warehouse using suitable media and topology. The LAN will be set up as a server based one in order to centralized manage the whole network. The website of the company will be linked with the server so the information in website will always keep updating. Reviewing Task 4 After receiving the containers that contain books, the courier company will check stocks’ RFID tags with RFID readers and make records the books information. This information will be transferred into their company’s server computer to update data in database. As it is also linked with the website of their company, the delivery information will also update. The delivery company will always update the delivery information whenever the stocks arrive to their branches which are in foreign country. They will keep updating until they reach to their destination addresses. Customers can view what time at where their ordered books are via the website of the courier company. Reviewing Task 5 There will also be a plan to prevent thefts done by staff while the company is setting up their online book selling system and computerised stock control system. To prevent those events, the administrator will monitor the staff by using CCTV cameras. He or she will also use retina scanner at the entrance and EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance) system at the exit of the warehouse. To prevent unauthorized access, the administrator will manage the specific working hours, authorized access, and login passwords, etc of an each staff member. The stock levels are record by RFID readers when they reached to the warehouse. That information will be transferred into server of the warehouse. When the books are delivered to the deliver firm, they are rechecked with RFID readers again and transferred into server in order to update the data of stock levels. There will be an automatic flagging up system to alarm to acknowledge the administrator. So the administrator can check the balance level of the stocks and reorder new books from sources. Reference Websites http://www.bookshopofindia.com http://www.boomerangbooks.com http://www.cherrythirsar.org http://www.isisasset.com http://www.trakersystems.com http://www.controlelectronic.com http://www.rfid-library.com http://www.dhl.com Books Title Guide to Networking Essentials ISBN 14188-3718-0 Author Name Greg Tomsho, Ed Tittel, David Johnson