The Violation of William Blakes Songs of Innocence Essay examples --

The Violation of Blake's Songs of Innocence      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: William Blake's Songs of Innocence contains a group of poetic works that the artist conceptualized as entering into a dialogue with each other and with the works in his companion work, Songs of Experience. He also saw each of the poems in Innocence as operating as part of an artistic whole creation that was encompassed by the poems and images on the plates he used to print these works. While Blake exercised a fanatical degree of control over his publications during his lifetime, after his death his poems became popular and were encountered without the contextual material that he intended to accompany them.    William Blake was probably more concerned than any other major Romantic author with the process of publication and its implications for the interpretation of his artistic creations. He paid a price for this degree of control over the process of printing, however: Blake lived in poverty and artistic obscurity throughout his entire life. Later, when his poems began to be distributed among a wider audience, they were frequently shorn of their original contexts. For William Blake, there has been a trade-off between the size of the audience he has reached and the degree of control he exerted over the publication process.    Blake was not satisfied merely to write poems and send them off to a publisher; instead, he designed illustrations to accompany his poems, engraved the poem-illustration works onto copper plates, printed the plates onto paper, and (when color was desired) colored the pages by hand, then bound the printed pages into volumes for sale. Blake was assisted in much of this work by his wife, Catherine, who had been illiterate when he ma... ...990. Hilton, Nelson. "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience" in The Blackwell Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Online. Internet. 25 February 2000. Available http://virtual.park.uga.edu/~wblake/SONGS/begin/songs.html Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Innocence and Experience: An Introduction to Blake. Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 1964. Keynes, Sir Geoffrey. Introduction to William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Mason, Michael. Notes to William Blake: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. Michael Mason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Stauffer, Andrew M. "The first known publication of Blake's poetry in America" in Notes and Queries v43, n1 (March, 1996): 41-43.

Cause or Effect of Gambling

Cause or Effect of Gambling â€Å"Che-Ching! † â€Å"Yes! Jackpot! † shouted the man as he jumped up and down. However, will his happiness last forever? The nest time the man gambled, the money in his pocket completely turned to dust. From that day onwards, like a broken glass, his life is destroyed and almost impossible to bring back happiness. From this man’s case, clearly there are several negative effects of gambling. First of all, gambling will cause a person to have bankruptcy. Luck is not always by our side.When a person grasps a lot of money, he will have more urge to gamble and eventually lose all of his money in the end. Following up by bankruptcy, gamblers will face many hard times with loan shark. Most of them are unable to pay back as the interest rate gradually increases. Time after time, loan shark will disturb their lives and force them to pay back in any chance. Reports review that loan shark can be so inhumane that they will wreck and destroy th e victim’s house, kidnap and blackmail any family members, or even strangle them to death.Subsequently, gamblers will have a broken relationship with their family. Their action brings disgrace on the whole family due to bankruptcy and being hooked by loan sharks. More trouble will occur and family members have to leave them alone, desolated and unwanted, those gamblers are led to only one road, suicidal. In conclusion, gambling can ruin and even ends a person's life. So before one choose to gamble, one must consider the deadly effects of gambling, before thinking of being filthy rich.

Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest

Since the dawn of civilization, man has always been searching for techniques to have a system of food channeling. Agriculture provided the requisite respite from hunting and gave mankind the necessary support. The United States of America, had agriculture as an integral part of the system and certain states have more affinity towards farming than others.Agriculture in California and Pacific Northwest has had its share ups and downs and both the regions have seen newer developments in agriculture due to newer laws and advances.â€Å"Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest†One of the most intriguing occupation, that has not only been age old but also the most satisfying, has been ‘agriculture’.   California’s agriculture has a very unique history to it. The amount of changes that have taken place over a course of 200 years is enormous, and the agricultural industry has gone through a good and bad tenure during this phase.The changes have been intricate and precise due to a no. of factors.   The alterations in the industry has taken place in the choice of mix of crops; The kind of technology that has been altered from horse driven ploughs to high tech tractors embedded with powerful global positioning satellite guides.;The directional sources of water has been changed along with changes in ownership arrangement.   The face of the industry has completely been changed due to the growing demands of the urban population.But there are some factors of the Californian agriculture that remain the same. These core values have been with agriculture field from the start and have never been part of any change in the system.On a primary level, majority of the farming done in California has always been market eccentric and had never revolved around sustenance of famer’s family which was the basic concept of farming in the pre years of the country.The Farming community of California has always been adaptive and the entrepreneur mentali ty has always been an integral part of them.   Californian agriculture has always catered to newer markets demands and has always been part of a unique economic agricultural philosophy. Agriculture in CA has provided opportunities of fulfilling local and international market needs.From supplying wheat to Europe to vegetable in Asia, California’s agriculture has been a pioneer for varied markets.   Wine production was also fulfilled by California’s agriculture.Another factor that has been instilled in agriculture in CA is its resource dependency which has been laid out from the olden ages.   The agriculture carried out in California has always been ridden with antagonistic searching of newer lands and water resources.   Lands and water have been exploited before and the case is no different even in the latest times.This factor has been rampant in the agricultural society of California.   An additional factor that has always been with California’s agricu lture is how the absence of water has brought a shape to it. Due to the excess demand of California’s agricultural supplies, it has always been in need of apt water resources.This is exactly why California’s agriculture has always been an active participant of water wars both on an internal and external front.Like each industry, the success of production is dependent on the quality of skills and the quantity of labors that one has for effective working of the operation.   California’s agriculture was no different when it came to labor management and problems that were holed up due to the deficiency of requisite manpower.Due to the varied farming and harvesting techniques in California, the dependency on agricultural labor was a crucial factor in the olden times. Today dependency of agricultural labors is still a crucial part of the Californian agriculture, but with lenient immigration laws, the void has been filled by immigrants from Latin America and Asia.The se immigrant agricultural labors have been actively operating large scale operations on the land and have been instrumental for specialty crop farms. One of the prime decisive factors that have not changed over the course of history is the California’s agriculture’s susceptibility. Farming is one such industry that has always been affected by calamities caused by natural reasons.Agriculture which is wholly dependent on nature’s mercy gets completely dissuaded when natural fury likes floods or droughts occur. Financial crashes also affect agriculture, and California’s agricultural needs have been greatly disturbed by recessions and economic depressions.   It still is at risk when financial market around the world crash, destroying the scope of increasing market needs.California’s agriculture always driven by market needs has always opened up opportunities for functioning of large scale operations. Due to the diversity of operations, agriculture in California has always required specialized management to handle the complexity of such operations and also to monitor the success of these operations.The historic â€Å"Gold rush â€Å", was one of the front running elements that embedded the need for higher technical management in California. With passing of time and advancements in technology, the management that overlooks high end technical operations has been critical for effectuating success.California’s need for higher technologies in agriculture has always been a dominant factor amongst its community. The fact that the entire agriculture has been market oriented, the need to create a niche always existed in the agricultural sector of California.There have always been heavy investments in better technologies and irrigation equipments, large scale operational technologies, pest control are key examples of such technologies.   California agriculture also ventured into food processing and wine making to gratify the ma rket with high end.The capitalist philosophy of California’s agricultural community has been a key element in driving the state towards a technology dependent farming and production.The following will best describe the qualities of a famer, which is best felt by California’s agricultural community:â€Å"The farmer in California, to be successful, must be a skilled agronomist, a careful manager of labor, an astute businessman, a speculator, and certainly an optimist. In recent decades California agriculture has been characterized by a high degree of specialization, seasonality, and reliance (Clarke Chambers. Page 1.1952).

Habeas Corpus Essay

Course  Date This essay focuses mainly on the general meaning of the right of habeas corpus according to the U.S constitution, habeas relationship with civil liberties, historical evolution and the American and English traditions of the writ. Sample cases in history of suspension of freedom of habeas corpus and today’s applicability of the writ is also provided. The paper also provides and analysis of the significance of habeas corpus to the current U.S. situation in tackling terrorism. At the same time, it explains interpretation of the right of habeas corpus by the Supreme Court in United States with respect to ‘enemy combatant’ or unlawful combatants. Finally, evaluation of various viewpoints on habeas corpus, expressed by justice of the High Court, Government leaders in other branches and analysts in both popular and academic press is given at the end of the paper. Habeas Corpus is a summon that may be issued to bring a party before a judge or court, having as its function the freeing of the party from illegal control or the citizen’s right to get such a summon. Habeas corpus refers to the legal guide which holds that a prisoner may not be kept in detention without just cause. Habeas writ is a request, issued to the custodian of a person under arrest (prison, official, police, and sheriff). It requires the warden to bring the charged person into court along with whatever evidence the custodian is using to validate continuing the custody (Gregory et al., 2013) The American constitution grants an individual the right to question confinement before a judge. Interestingly; the infringement of the right of habeas corpus has not been the harshest of civil freedoms that have been provided to both citizens in U.S and those of other states. The right of Habeas permits a prisoner to pinpoint the guaranteed that have been during a trial broken upon hence protecting the prisoner. The history of Habeas corpus is ancient. Habeas corpus originated mainly from Anglo-Saxon common law. It came after the 1215 Magna Carta. Since then, the practice  surroundin g the Habeas corpus writ has evolved. The writ from has been obliged to grant an appearance of a detained person to be brought before a judge. Originally the habeas corpus was a ‘privileged writ’ of the King and courts. However, it has evolved over time it has into a prerogative writ started by the person jailed or custodian rather than by the King and courts. The habeas corpus comes from the fact that that the government must either incriminate any accused or set him free. Compared to other civil liberties, the writ of habeas corpus serves the same purpose as freedom of speech. People are provided given the freedom to not only speak the truth, but to also stand in court to provide evidence on some innocence. As well, the entitlement to habeas corpus gives a person privilege to exercise their right to legal representation (Habeas corpus, 2010). The people who founded the constitution knew that the right of habeas corpus was crucial. From personal incidents they had an understanding on how it felt to be viewe d as an enemy combatant, incarcerated indefinitely, and not given the chance to appear before an unbiased judge. In order to eradicate this alarming tool of oppression, the Constitution founders had more resolution to save the Americans from such government abuses. (Rutherford Institute, 2013). The Habeas Corpus was codified by the congress in 1879 in the 14th section of the Judiciary Act. In the U.S history, the habeas corpus has been suspended severally. The habeas corpus has been suspended three times since the Constitution was ratified. In 1861, the first habeas corpus suspension was made. It happened in Maryland state and some regions in Midwestern. It was done by the then President Abraham Lincoln in reply to riots and local militia force action, as well as the threat that Maryland would split from the Union. Through this suspension Lincoln permitted the detention of militia members, war prisoners, and alleged traitors to be kept in captive for the duration of the civil war without trial. The second suspension occurred in the early 1870s during Reconstruction in response by President Ulys ses S. Grant to civil rights violations by the Klan of Ku Klux. It was then restricted to nine counties in South Carolina. President Bush also suspended the right of habeas corpus on 17TH October, 2006. The president passed a given law that suspended the right of habeas corpus to individuals that the government viewed as enemies in the fight against international terror. Several criticisms resulted from this with the law being accused of  failing to determine who is and who not any â€Å"enemy combatant† is (Walker, 2006). The habeas corpus is crucial to the contemporary U.S. situation in the war on terror. In tackling war and terror, people are arrested, and the right of defendants to be charged for war or terror crimes should be put into consideration. The suspects ought to be tried for that crime in a timely manner. The government must justify detention of any person under the right of habeas corpus. They should provide proof of keeping the person under custody. Failure to provide evidence, they must set the captives free. Nevertheless, a controversy occurs on whether the government can simpl y detain the war/terror suspects for long durations of time as â€Å"enemy combatants† without charging them with a particular crime. For years, the importance of the right of habeas corpus has constantly been confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court. However, there exist some disagreements when it comes to how the court makes an interpretation of the right of habeas corpus with consideration of enemy combatants or unlawful combatants. U.S highest court has come into criticism when it comes to the rights of habeas corpus of enemy combatants. First, the court does not provide perfect or standard definition of who is any enemy combatant and who is not. The court has held contradictory analyses of the Constitution and of actions to be pursued in the case of rights of habeas corpus to illegal combatants. The federal and military court organizations have been given a mandate to handle such case. The 5-4 ruling in Boumediane v. Bush provides a clear scenario of how the Supreme Court interprets the right to habeas corpus. From the rulings of cases in this scenario, even the â€Å"illegal enemy combatants† held in Guanta namo had constitutional right to habeas corpus. In the Guantà ¡namo cases, the government was of the opinion that non-citizens as enemy combatants outside the country have no rights of habeas corpus that the Supreme Court opposed. The Supreme Court held that noncitizens detained by American government in territory over which another country have any rights under the American Constitution. The Supreme Court abides with the constitution that; the habeas corpus freedom shall not be suspended, except in cases of revolution or invasion of the safety of the public. The president as the commander in chief has the power to make effectual use of bestowed forces. The Suspension Clause is not applicable to the President. However, for other reasons the policy of incidental powers does in the  Constitution. He can only do so in actual theatre of war. The president does not have the authority of setting up hearings for the trial and sentence of offenders, whether armed forces or ordinary citizens. The only time he/she can do that is through the sanction of Congress and in cases of taking necessary controls. The congress plays a major role in suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. The Constitution predominately gives powers to the Congress to suspend the habeas writ. It has the power to suspend it through affirmative action. The congress can also suspend the writ through an express delegation to the Executive. The Executive is not authorized to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. Such suspension can occur in cases of civil war when state prisoners are held in custody violation of the federal law (Latima, 2011). The Supreme Court plays an important role in the protection of civil liberties, including the judicial philosophy. If the Supreme Court believes that the acts of the elected branches in judiciary violate the Constitution, it has the power to overturn them. By so doing, the Supreme Court can attempt to prevent the selected branches from infringing civil liberties. One such scenario is the Boumediene v. Bush. In this case, through its laws, the Supreme Court suspended the privilege to habeas corpus for persons who were considered to be illegal combatants i n the war on terror. Such actions are the manifestation of the role played by Supreme Court in fulfilling the role of protecting civil liberties. There is a very huge paradox when it comes to looking at civil liberties and harmonization with the state security (Brysk, 2007). For example, detaining a terror suspect for years seems fit for the state but at the same time unconstitutional. In the fight against terror, striking a balance between the liberties of individuals and a call for effective investigation is not easy. It is a very difficult balancing act. In the quest to disrupt and deter terrorism, protection of the civil liberties and the constitutional rights of all Americans is required. One cannot achieve each without the other and they must be done both and do them very well. In summary, there is need of proper understanding of the habeas corpus and the constitution as well. Since the enactment of habeas corpus Clause has been a center of controversies day in day out. It is the high time the issue is taken keenly and solved once and for all. Apart from proper understanding of the habeas corpus, amendment should be done to factor in all stakeholders and reduce  the criticisms. References Habeas corpus: From England to empire. (2010). Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press Gregory, Anthony. 2013. The power of habeas corpus in America: from the King’s Prerogative to the War on Terror Latimer, C. P. (2011). Civil liberties and the state: A documentary and reference guide. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood In Brysk, A. (2007). National Insecurity and Human Rights: Democracies Debate Counterterrorism. Berkeley, Calif: California University Press Walker, R. S. (2006). Habeas corpus writ of liberty: English and American origins and development ; being a reprint of The Constitutional and Legal Development of Habeas Corpus as the Writ of Liberty, together with 2006 revised edition, The American Reception of the Writ of Liberty. S.l.: BookSurge

Darwinian Evolution of ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Darwinian Evolution of ethics - Essay Example Of these, ethics is the most vulnerable to change as it merges with beliefs, morals, science, religion, and character of each individual. As a result, the evolution of ethics has a direct relationship to what Charles Darwin believes is the human species’ inherent desire to survive in a culture that alters regularly. This ultimately demonstrates that the underlying principle of the evolution of ethical systems remains upon the survival of the human species. Darwin’s stance on morality suggested morality as the evolutionary process’s product. Darwin was of the view that such social instincts as the tendency of humans to display kindness, sympathy, and have an urge for social approbation originate in the human nature. In reality, other social species also constitute the rudiments of such behaviors. Even though, Darwin thought that these instincts tend to contradict the natural selection’s imperatives e.g. the rise of selfless behavior from the selfish genesâ €™ machinations. Among a vast majority of the Darwinian theorists, Darwin was the first to deal with this conundrum. â€Å"Darwin proposed to account for our sociality with a combination of selection for individual reciprocity (reciprocal altruism), "family" selection (a.k.a. kin selection) and "group selection" -- that is, the positive selection of traits which provide an advantage for groups that are in competition with other groups† (Corning). In addition to that, nothing but the human beings possess the true morality because of their ability to superimpose the reasoned constraints of culture upon their motives. Darwinian theses that have implications for moral philosophy include: humans being the natural selection’s product, humans being forged to serve as social organisms by that process, and the presence of an innate moral sense among the mechanisms governing human sociality (Joyce 1). Although the first two theses are not questioned seriously, yet the thesis of moral nativism sparks doubt. However, Darwin has personally approved of all three theses in The Descent of Man. The evolutionary account of moral sense provided by Darwin emphasizes upon the importance of moral emotions, thus overlooking the morality’s essence as pure rationality (Arnhart). Interest in Darwinism’s moral implications rose after the Origin’s publication as the truth of Darwinism was suspected to undermine the traditional ethics. Darwinism’s biological thesis attracted some resistance from its incompatibility with the traditional morality that led to the perception of rejection of Darwinism. The founder of the Social Darwinism ethical system is Herbert Spencer, who argued that the fittest in a proper society are the ones who are successful while the unfit are placed at the bottom. These ideas are challenged today, especially the argument that helping the needy leads to unfavorable consequences since it helps the ones who are demonstrated to be unfit survive (â€Å"Evolution and Ethics†). There was an obvious oversimplification of the adaptation of Spencer to Darwinism to the social situations. Such virulent anti-Darwinian perspective is inspired by social Darwinism and its logical following from the evolutionary theory. However, the ideas of Spencer do not necessarily follow from Darwinism logically. Humans adapt to survive and they do so by creating standards and rules of

PROMPT for AoS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PROMPT for AoS - Essay Example tile stimulation, contrastive stress drill, prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets (PROMPT), and melodic intonation therapy (Wambaugh et al., 1998). Word prompt programs are computer software programs used in addition to basic word processing (Wood, Rankin, Beukelman, 1997). Sound production treatments have also been tried (Wambaugh et al., 1999). The Kaufman Speech Praxis Treatment Kit has been used for treating children with apraxia of speech (Kaufman Children’s center, n.d). Wambaugh & Doyle, 1994, made a review of 28 treatment reports over the past 20 years. Positive results were noted with the following treatments: flexible treatment hierarchy combined with home programs; combination of sound placement, sound drill and graphic stimulation; metronome pacing accompanying drill of all behaviors; package modeling, integral stimulation, phonetic placement, multiple repetitions; PROMPT system and integral stimulation; and PROMPT motokinesthetic stimulation with some rate control. The majority of subjects were chronic apraxic speakers, with 62% being 6 months post onset. Currently, although most treatments have reported good results, most current AOS treatments have limited data to support their use, and there is a lack of replication of treatment findings (Wambaugh, 2002). Another limitation is the lack of measurement of generalization and maintenance effects of treatment (Wambaugh et al., 1998). Chumpelik is credited for developing the PROMPT (Prompts for Restructuring Oral and Muscular Phonetic Targets) system in 1984. This is a tactile–kinesthetic based treatment method, originally developed for the treatment of children with developmental motor speech disorders; later, it was modified for use in adults with motor speech disorders (Bose et al., 2001) Prompts are applied to the mylohyoid muscle, facial musculature and through mandibular manipulation. Some or all of the following parameters receive input from PROMPTs: spatial

I will explain it in the instructions box below Essay

I will explain it in the instructions box below - Essay Example Students were taken from those with high anxiety towards math’s and those with low anxiety towards maths.This was also repeated on those with high and low beliefs towards the subject. The researchers grouped the children according to their perceptions on mathematics after undertaking tests on heir anxiety and beliefs. Teachers were also given tests and rated based on their performance. The main intervention was the use of Math Anxiety Scale-Revised Beliefs Survey), Number and Operation Task and Geometric Shapes Sorting Task as a way of collecting the data before analysis could be done. This was after getting the consent from parents, and the administrators of the preschool children under study. Questionnaires were administered to teachers and children. The questionnaires were administered in silent rooms in order for the children not to have distractions that could make them deviate from the questions. However, most of the data collected from the tests was used to get a clearer picture on the answers that the children and teachers gave and the outcome of the tests. Anxiety on the part of the teachers towards mathematics had no effect on the performance of the children towards math. Teacher’s beliefs on math, on the other hand had significance effect on the children’s achievement in mathematics. The findings of the study can be found to be significant and reproducible since they are consistent with other studies that show that teacher’s anxiety does not affect children’s performance in the subject. Hence, the findings indicate that math is learnt faster in the classroom whether the teacher is a filled with anxiety or not as long the teacher is giving out the right content. This implies the beliefs of teachers are of upmost importance pertaining the association and performance of children in mathematics in their later years. Also anxiety towards mathematics is of less importance as compared to belief in the same, hence,